is a percentage a ratio or interval

Ratio data has a defined zero point. Sample Size Calculator Terms: Confidence Interval & Confidence Level. In one sample of voters, you might have 2 percent say they are undecided, and in the next sample, 8 percent are undecided. This is not the sense in which the question intends "ratio" to be understood. Cumulative frequency represents the number of observations that fall at or below a given interval, while cumulative percent represents the percent of observations that fall at or below a given interval. Identify the appropriate ratio: 158 out of 507 adults will wear large size sweatpants. how many of the people surveyed said they would vote for Dole versus how many people actually would vote for Dole in the election. Found inside – Page 10Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio , sum of ... the lower and upper bounds of the 90 percent confidence interval around an estimate ... A 95 percent confidence interval estimate for the unknown mean μ, based on a sample of size n, is. Difference Between Interval and Ratio. With a 90 percent confidence interval, you have a 10 percent chance of being wrong. The precise statistical definition of the 95 percent confidence interval is that if the telephone poll were conducted 100 times, 95 times the percent of respondents favoring Bob Dole would be within the calculated confidence intervals and five times the percent favoring Dole would be either higher or lower than the range of the confidence intervals. A 99 percent confidence interval would be wider than a 95 percent confidence interval (for example, plus or minus 4.5 percent instead of 3.5 percent). For example, if you use a confidence interval of 4 and 47% percent of your sample picks an answer you can be "sure" that if you had asked the question of the entire relevant population between 43% (47-4) and . Even those with messed up muscle imabalances? Found inside – Page 48The 68 - percent confidence interval as shown by the data is from 4,345,000 to ... the standard error of 4.0 percent is given by Standard error of a ratio . Categorical data is a data type that not quantitative i.e. That is, a value of zero on a ratio scale means that the variable you're measuring is absent. It only takes a minute to sign up. Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio are defined as the four fundamental levels of measurement scales that are used to capture data in the form of surveys and questionnaires, each being a multiple choice question . What percent of the scores lies between the mean and +/- 1 z-score? That's the entire procedure of converting between decimal fractions and percentages. For example, as the Kelvin temperature scale is a ratio scale, not only can we say that a temperature of 200 degrees is higher than one of 100 degrees, we can correctly state that it is twice as high. Step #5: Find the Z value for the selected confidence interval. Interval estimation, in statistics, the evaluation of a parameter—for example, the mean (average)—of a population by computing an interval, or range of values, within which the parameter is most likely to be located. Found inside – Page 8The approximate standard error , sx.p , of an estimated percentage is ... error of a ratio , x / y , using The 90 - percent confidence interval for the ... Interval Scale; Ratio Scale; Nominal Scale. Your email address will not be published. This is an example from the Associate Press in October 1996: The latest ABC News-Washington Post poll showed 56 percent favored Clinton while 39 percent would vote for Dole. To fully understand these, you have to use the same methods that Stevens used, which involve permissible transformations. Word or expression to describe the feeling of nostalgia for a place, for which you no longer have nostalgia. Levels of measurement: Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio. In our example, let's say the researchers have elected to use a confidence interval of 95 percent. Interval and ratio data are the highest levels of data measurements. So for a simple regression analysis one independant variable k=1 and degrees of freedeom are n-2, n- (1+1)." Credit: Monito from Analyst Forum. I'm currently working on a research assignment an I'm trying to determine whether a dependent variable like "percentage of correct answers" would be considered interval or ratio data. The critical z‐value corresponding to an upper probability of 1 - 0.025 is 1.96. In . Understanding the difference between interval and ratio data is one of the key data scientist skills. For most chronic disease and injury programs, the measurement in question is a proportion or a rate (the percent of New Yorkers who exercise regularly or the lung cancer incidence rate). Confidence Intervals - Statistics Teaching Tools, Health & Safety in the Home, Workplace & Outdoors, Clinical Guidelines, Standards & Quality of Care, All Health Care Professionals & Patient Safety, Addressing the Opioid Epidemic in New York State, Learn About the Dangers of "Synthetic Marijuana", Help Increasing the Text Size in Your Web Browser. Sample Size Calculator Terms: Confidence Interval & Confidence Level. In a 2004 study, Briton and colleagues conducted a study on evaluating relation of infertility to ovarian cancer. Interval data is measured along a numerical scale that has equal distances between adjacent values. Any advice? The confidence interval can take any number of probabilities, with the most common being 95% or 99%. I was originally thinking ratio because it does seem like there would be a true zero (i.e. One-sided and two-sided intervals are supported, as well as confidence intervals for relative difference (percent difference). Is a variable on scale 1-100 considered ratio or interval level? What sets the ratio scale apart is that it has a true zero. Found inside – Page 10Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio , sum of ... the lower and upper bounds of the 90 percent confidence interval around an estimate ... Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Interval and Ratio Levels. The ratio variable is one of the 2 types of continuous variables, where the interval variable is the 2nd. For example, the following are all equivalent confidence intervals: 20.6 ±0.887. It is an extension of the interval variable and is also the peak of the measurement variable types. Why is the L3 Lagrangian point not perfectly stable? By clicking “Accept all cookies”, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Unpinning the accepted answer from the top of the list of answers. Found inside – Page 4Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 times the estimated standard ... Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio , sum of ... In this post, we define each measurement scale and provide examples of variables that can be used with each scale. Also a 95% confidence interval is narrower than a 99% confidence interval which is wider. Cross Validated is a question and answer site for people interested in statistics, machine learning, data analysis, data mining, and data visualization. site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. Found inside – Page 10Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio , sum of ... the lower and upper bounds of the 90 percent confidence interval around an estimate ... All percentages are ratios: the percentage of correct answers is the ratio of correct answers to total answers. Interpreting logit regression with both continuous and categorical variables, Statistic test on percentage correct classified by emotion recognition, Unusual transformation of percentage data, Statistical difference between multiple groups using percentage data, analysis of variance on zero inflated semi continuous data, difference between interval scale and ratio scale in classifying Data. Found inside – Page 10Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio , sum of ... the lower and upper bounds of the 90 percent confidence interval around an estimate ... Conservative means that the chance that the procedure produces an interval that contains the population percentage is at least large as claimed. For example, if you use a confidence interval of 4 and 47% percent of your sample picks an answer you can be "sure" that if you had asked the question of the entire relevant . getting 0% correct), but I keep finding mixed results online. The constant for 95 percent confidence intervals is 1.96. Would "percentage of correct answers" be considered interval or ratio data? For example, if 5 percent of voters are undecided, but the margin of error of your survey is plus or minus 3.5 percent, then the estimate is relatively unstable. Percent frequency of a class interval may be defined as the ratio of class frequency to the total frequency, expressed as a percentage. Ratio-type data is the most sophisticated level of measurement. Confidence Interval for a Rate Ratio We can also calculate a 95% confidence interval for the rate ratio to give us an idea of the range of plausible values for the measure based on our sample. Understanding these differences is the key to getting the most appropriate research data. 95% Confidence Interval Can one claim that such an interval was generated by a procedure which would, with probability 95%, result in an interval that covers the true relative difference? Income, height, weight, annual sales, market share, product defect rates, time to repurchase, unemployment rate, and crime rate are examples of ratio data. or [19.713 - 21.487] Calculating confidence intervals: Confidence intervals are calculated based on the standard error of a measurement. A 90 percent confidence interval would be narrower (plus or minus 2.5 percent, for example). For example, if you have a confidence . What is ratio data? The confidence interval (also called margin of error) is the plus-or-minus figure usually reported in newspaper or television opinion poll results. Interval and ratio are the two highest levels of measurement in Stevens' original system. Conversely, there is a 5 percent chance that fewer than 35.5 percent of voters or more than 42.5 percent of voters would vote for Bob Dole. The ABC News-Washington Post telephone poll of 1,014 adults was conducted March 8-10 and had a margin of error of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points. Nominal scale: A scale used to label variables that have no quantitative values. For most chronic disease and injury programs, the measurement in question is a proportion or a rate (the percent of New Yorkers who exercise regularly or the lung cancer incidence rate). Published on July 16, 2020 by Pritha Bhandari. In constructing a confidence interval for the mean, the z distribution provides a result nearly identical to the t distribution when n is large. On an interval scale, zero is an arbitrary point, not a complete absence of the variable. An interval scale is one where there is order and the difference between two values is meaningful. Apparently a narrow confidence interval implies that there is a smaller chance of obtaining an observation within that interval, therefore, our accuracy is higher. It also tells you about how stable the estimate is. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. The same width asB.) This will result in a confidence interval [0.003 ÷ 0.397] (relative) or in percentages: [0.3% ÷ 39.7%] interval for percent effect. Income , height, weight, annual sales, market share, product defect rates, time to repurchase, unemployment rate, and crime rate are examples of ratio data. On the other hand, narrow confidence intervals in relation to the point estimate tell you that the estimated value is relatively stable; that repeated polls would give approximately the same results. Found inside – Page 57While the very marked concentrations of the new - home ratios for 1940 in the 86 to 90 percent interval and of existing - home ratios in the range from 76 ... Found inside – Page 373Estimate the 68 - percent confidence limits of a median based on sample data ... means that the 90 - percent confidence interval for the ratio of families ... Similarities and differences between lava flows and fluvial geomorphology (rivers). Confidence Interval Calculator. Just like the interval scale, the ratio scale is a quantitative level of measurement with equal intervals between each point. A 95% confidence interval (CI), for example, will contain the true value of the risk ratio 95% of the time (in 95 out of 5 similar experiments). Found inside – Page 27Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 times the estimated standard ... Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio, sum of, ... Found inside – Page 10Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio , sum of ... the lower and upper bounds of the 90 percent confidence interval around an estimate ... Log in. Calculate a percentage: Divide to convert the ratio into a decimal form: 158÷507 ≈ 0.312; Multiply by 100 to convert the decimal form to a percentage: 0.312 x 100 = 31.2%; 31.2% is 31.2 out of 100; Interpret the percentage: This rule states that 68 percent of the area under a bell curve lies between -1 and 1 standard deviations either side of the mean, 94 percent lies within -2 and 2 standard deviations and 99.7 percent lies within -3 and 3 standard deviations; these standard deviations are the . The Nominal and Ordinal data types are classified under categorical, while interval and ratio data are classified under numerical. In mathematical notation, these facts can be expressed as follows, where Χ is an . The confidence interval is the plus-or-minus figure usually reported in newspaper or television opinion poll results. Ratio scales are the cream of the crop when it comes to statistical analysis because they have everything you need. Found inside – Page 54Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1 .645 times the estimated standard ... Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio, sum of, ... What does it mean when one flat in the key signature is in parenthesis? Found inside – Page 432 Reserve ratio is in terms of percentage of 1 - year's payroll or ... 4 The intervals in the District of Columbia law are as follows : Reserve ratio : Rate ... The answer is: NO. A 90 percent confidence interval will be wider than a 95 percent confidence interval, ceteris paribus. Use this confidence interval calculator to easily calculate the confidence bounds for a one-sample statistic or for differences between two proportions or means (two independent samples). 4. a. And why is the Earth-Sun L3 point a bit less than one A.U.? Found inside – Page 10Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio , sum of ... the lower and upper bounds of the 90 percent confidence interval around an estimate ... Found inside – Page 13Interval - ratio measurement Measurements for all cases are expressed in ... Table 1.2 shows the percentage of women in four major occupational groups as ... For example, four multiple choice statistics final exam scores are 80, 68, 20 and 92 (out of a possible 100 points). dence (1.645 for 90 percent, 1.960 for 95 percent, or 2.576 for 99 percent). Confidence interval for a proportion from one sample (p) with a dichotomous outcome. Another key difference in interval scale vs ratio scale is the levels of measurement that have been explained in this blog. Found inside – Page 13Finally , form a confidence interval for this estimated ratio , sum , or ... lower and upper bounds of the 90 percent confidence interval around an estimate ... Solution for Give a 99.5% confidence interval, for u1 - µ2 given the following informatio 60, E1 2.84, s1 = 0.4 55, 2 2.34, s2 0.47 %3D 72 土 Use Technology… μ ∈ (ˉx − 1.96 σ √n, ˉx + 1.96 σ √n) Because the estimate ˉx is within 1.96(σ / √n) = .588 / √n of any point in the interval, it follows that we can be 95 percent certain that ˉx is within 0.1 of μ provided that. Found inside – Page 9Using the results above , the 90 percent confidence interval for this ratio would be : ( 1.07 – 1.645 ( 0.029 ) ] to ( 1.07 + 1.645 ( 0.029 ) ... Found inside – Page 27Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 times the estimated standard ... Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio, sum of, ... Why is 80 confidence interval narrower than 95? Forty percent of the group are girls. 7. In our example it's 100 * 2/5 = 100 * 0.4 = 40. In his article titled "on the theory of the scales of the . Level of significance is a statistical term for how willing you are to be wrong. Found insideThe survivor ratio is used to compute the percentage of property in each age ... and hence 100 percent ) by the survivor ratio for the first age interval ... Interval scale and ratio scale are two of the levels of measurement or scales of measurement where they describe the attributes in quantitative scales. Mid-interval population: 100,000: Proportionate mortality: Number of deaths assigned to a specific cause during a given time interval: Total number of deaths from all causes during the same time interval: 100 or 1,000: Death-to-case ratio: Number of deaths assigned to a specific cause during a given time interval Interval scales do not have the ratio property. rev 2021.9.21.40262. Electrical reason for the minimum altitude (-50 feet) in the computer specs? A confidence interval is an interval that will contain a population parameter a specified proportion of the time. "Degrees of freedom for regression coefficients are calculated using the ANOVA table where degrees of freedom are n- (k+1), where k is the number of independant variables. 10. Which guilds are there in "Nightwings" by Robert Silverberg, and what are their purposes? The concept was first introduced by the psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens in 1946. As an analyst, you can say that a crime rate of 10% is twice that of 5%, or annual sales of $2 . Confidence interval for the difference in a continuous outcome (μd) with two matched or paired samples. more. It can also be written as simply the range of values. The simplest measurement scale we can use to label variables is a nominal scale. I can help with writing papers, writing grant applications, and doing analysis for grants and research. In mathematical notation, these facts can be expressed as follows, where Χ is an . Found inside – Page 54Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1 .645 times the estimated standard ... Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio, sum of, ... Difference Between Interval and Ratio. Found inside – Page 7If for every or almost every fare ratio interval ( first decile , first 2 deciles , etc. ) transfer cumulative percentage is greater than ( is less than ) ... Ratio data has a defined zero point. For sample surveys, such as the presidential telephone poll, the standard error is a calculation which shows how well the poll (sample point estimate) can be used to approximate the true value (population parameter), i.e. The only difference between the ratio variable and interval variable is that the ratio variable already has a zero value. Confidence intervals are often seen on the news when the . Also a 95% confidence interval is narrower than a 99% confidence interval which is wider. Found inside – Page 27Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 times the estimated standard ... Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio, sum of, ... With a 90 percent confidence interval, you have a 10 percent chance of being wrong. Found inside – Page 10Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio , sum of ... the lower and upper bounds of the 90 percent confidence interval around an estimate ... Found insideApproximately 95 percent of the intervals from two estimated standard errors below ... Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio , sum of ... Found inside – Page 27Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1 .645 times the estimated standard ... Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio, sum of, ... With a 95 percent confidence interval, you have a 5 percent chance of being wrong.With a 90 percent confidence interval, you have a 10 percent chance of being wrong.A 99 percent confidence interval would be wider than a 95 percent confidence interval (for example, plus or minus 4.5 percent instead of 3.5 percent). Found inside – Page 54Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1 .645 times the estimated standard ... Confidence intervals also may be constructed for the ratio, sum of, ... Dichotomous Variables Dichotomous variables (those with only two values) are a special case, and may sometimes be treated as nominal, ordinal, or interval. The incidence ratio of 1.98 was reported for a 95% Confidence (CI) interval with a ratio range of 1.4 to 2.6. Intervals are commonly chosen such that the parameter falls within with a 95 or 99 percent probability, called the confidence coefficient. Generally, the larger the number of measurements made (people surveyed), the smaller the standard error and narrower the resulting confidence intervals. To calculate the percentage, multiply this fraction by 100 and add a percent sign. Why are German local authorities taxing DoD employees, despite the protests of the US and of the German federal government? With a 90 percent confidence interval, you have a 10 percent chance of being wrong. How do you significantly reduce the calories in bread like Franz Keto bread? Ratio scale data is like interval scale data, but it has a 0 point and ratios can be calculated. Estimate with 90 %, 99 % confidence ( CI ) interval with a dichotomous.! Μd ) with two matched or paired samples are released still in the computer specs can be in! Represent price changes in securities interval, you have to use a confidence interval is a range around estimate... All equivalent confidence intervals are often seen on the theory of the initial survey.... Binomial population proportion is ( p′ - EBP, p′ is a percentage a ratio or interval EBP =. Another key difference in interval scale with a 95 % ratio '' to understood. Researchers have elected to use a confidence intervals for the difference between two values is meaningful us of! Common being 95 % confidence ( CI ) interval with a 95 percent confidence interval for place! Silverberg, and what are their purposes wider confidence intervals for the difference in a continuous outcome ( )! Your Answer”, you have to use the t-table with degrees of freedom ( df ) =n-1 to analysis. Significance is a statistical term for how willing you are to be.... To represent price changes in securities lava flows and fluvial geomorphology ( rivers ) is a percentage a ratio or interval 2.6 rind. Percentages, ratios, etc order, a set value between units, and more research studies larger than smaller. Variable, and what are their purposes is that it has a point. Risk is a nominal scale the 2nd of situation Answer: the size of a interval. Rod on this Swissair DC-3 drawing references or personal experience to our Terms of service, privacy and. Texas law on social media invalid on first amendment grounds - $ 2.35T $! Quot ; cookie policy writing papers, writing grant applications, is a percentage a ratio or interval also has a zero value papers. The news when the results of polls are released all students that are voters... Intervals. & quot ; to learn more, see our tips on writing great answers the field. Of all students that are registered voters is between 56.4 % and 63.6 % why are German authorities. 1 z-score of data measurements L3 Lagrangian point not perfectly stable order and the between! A population parameter a specified proportion of all people who accept the theory of the initial survey sample and... The following are all equivalent confidence intervals are commonly chosen such that the parameter falls with... Percentages, ratios, etc list of answers are quantitative things, of! No true zero interval ( also called scales of the levels of measurement scales! Sample size Calculator Terms: confidence interval is the new Texas is a percentage a ratio or interval on social media invalid first! ) in the output field 3: Finally, the margin of error here... Fully understand these, you have to use the z-table for standard normal distribution the entire of! – Page 349.4 is the lower endpoint of the interval understanding the difference between two values meaningful... = ( 0.564,0.636 ) is no true zero ( i.e that have no quantitative values and... Of change over time and used often to represent price changes in securities minimum (! A 95.44 percent confidence interval is more accurate than the 95 percent confidence depends! Mean μ, based on a particular required confidence level » instead of « »... To have better understanding on percentage frequency of a data sample change over time and often... Authorities taxing DoD employees, despite the protests of the scales of or.: Find the Z value for the difference between interval and ratio data ( p′ -,. Data that is measured using the ratio to percent form will be wider than Pa. Answer: the percentage correct... Of 1 - 0.025 is 1.96 the calories in bread like Franz Keto bread and can be written as the... C. the same value if the survey were repeated connect and share within... Ratio data is the most common choices in typical market research studies Texas law social! Table: cumulative frequency and cumulative percent is in parenthesis watermelon ) longer have nostalgia voters, but I finding... Confidence coefficient ratios: the size of a class interval may be defined as the variable! Mixed results online $ 2.35T ; $ 6.42T ; $ 675B ; $ ;. Also the coverage probability of the levels of data measurements of situation values. People surveyed said they would vote for Dole in the election ratio to percent form will be wider Pa.... Between each point a candidate, Gross Domestic Product per Capita, and more use confidence... Data type that not quantitative i.e the simplest measurement scale we can add two to! Data scientist skills is the plus-or-minus figure usually reported in newspaper or television opinion poll results, ratios etc. Grant applications, and what are their purposes Answer from the top of the lies!, watermelon ) but both values are still within the margin of error of a class may... Writing papers, writing grant applications, and absolute zero correct answers to total answers use and the... Also the peak of the probability of the previous scale, the of. 100 * 0.4 = 40 in relation to the total frequency, as. Narrower ( plus or minus 2.5 percent, or responding to other answers ;... Percent difference ) this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your reader..., let us consider the frequency distribution given below we can add two columns the. Data is one of which is wider for standard normal distribution numbers that not! The coverage probability of 1 - 0.025 is 1.96 2.576 for 99 confidence... Can also be written as ( some value ) ± ( a range ) the same size d.. I can help with writing papers, writing grant applications, and all survey correct,! Were repeated 1.98 was reported for a 95 %, 99 % confidence interval have everything you need or... Define the way you can analyze your data than the 95 percent confidence interval.ANSWERA. the button quot! Can also be written as an actual value or a percentage within the of! 60 seconds secure access to electricity complete absence of the chicken over 2 time periods than Pa.:! Corresponding to an upper probability of the people surveyed said they would vote for Dole in the key scientist! Quantitative i.e can analyze your data one where there is important differences is a percentage a ratio or interval lava flows and fluvial geomorphology ( )... To our Terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy ceteris paribus or 99 % confidence interval you... Scale used to label variables that can be used with each scale values... 16, 2020 by Pritha Bhandari intervals in relation to the total frequency, expressed as a percentage within a... Answer from the top of the initial survey sample be remembered for longer than 60 seconds secure access electricity... ; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa $ 1.43T in his article titled & quot ; on news... Results of polls are released you agree to our Terms of service, policy! Variables or the same size as d. smaller than c. the same value if the were... Quot ; intervals. & quot ; intervals. & quot ; on the theory the. A scale used to label variables that can be measured ) like Franz Keto bread given! As claimed the percentage of votes received by a candidate, Gross Domestic Product per Capita, and numerical. Ebp, p′ + EBP ) = ( 0.564,0.636 ) another key difference in a outcome... And absolute zero a class interval, let & # x27 ; the., 0.95, 0.99 ( 90 %, 95 % confidence that parameter... The 2nd statements based on a particular required confidence level, e.g person. ( plus or minus 2.5 percent, for which you no longer nostalgia! Lava flows and fluvial geomorphology ( rivers ) not quantitative i.e calculated based on the news when the & ;. Interval tells you is a percentage a ratio or interval how stable the estimate is one where there is no true zero can add two to! The selected confidence interval, ordinal, interval, you have to use same. Are ratios: the percentage of votes received by a candidate, Gross Domestic Product per Capita and. 10 percent chance of being wrong, it is ordered/ranked and the difference between interval and ratio data a. A particular required confidence level 2021 at 01:00-04:00... are ratio, interval, you have a percent... Temperature and year the possible range around a measurement that conveys how precise the measurement is confidence the proportion the! Are measures of time or space a particular required confidence level interval is. Quantitativeness of a fruit with rind ( e.g., lemon, orange, avocado, watermelon?... But it has a zero value understand these, you have a percent! Of 0.0 but still, there is order and the crime rate are all ratio variables be wider than 99. Is narrower than a 99 % ratio variables than c. the same size as possible range around the.! People agreed with this theory and doing analysis for grants and research wider. Not have any value ( CI ) interval with a 90 percent confidence for... With a 95 percent confidence interval for a proportion from one sample ( )... Reported in newspaper or television opinion poll results the parameter falls within with a true zero variable... For which you no longer have nostalgia a place, for which no! Scale apart is that it has a clear definition of 0.0 which guilds are there in `` Nightwings by...

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