operation condor vietnam

to discuss methods for establishment of an anti-subversive organization similar to Condor.”. MANY OF THOSE who recognize our military mistakes in Indo-china fail to acknowledge the blunders of our quieter war for "hearts and Operation Condor, which took place in the context of the Cold War, had the tacit approval and material support of the United States. “But if the preexisting demand and justice efforts had not been there even before, the Pinochet case might not have been enough on its own.”. “Condor targeted not only the Left, but also the center-left and other democratic sectors that were fighting to demand their rights and make more inclusive the elitist democracies of the era.”, “First, the aim was to stop terrorism,” one operative from the Department of National Intelligence (DINA), Chile’s feared secret police, explained. The result was a stream of often stomach-churning crimes. Remember: This was the Cold War, when the U.S. national security establishment was 100 percent convinced that there was a worldwide communist conspiracy to Gia Ray to Ham Tan. CESAR'S WARS: The Rise of America's Special Forces is the first book in a four-part series. The story is told mainly from the first-person, no-nonsense point of view of Roberto, a complex and principled patriot. Operation Condor was a CIA backed plan to kidnap and torture and kill exiles who had escaped the (CIA installed) fascist military dictatorships in their South American home countries. We are in this together. “We witnessed the use by US counterterrorist forces of disappearances, cross-border renditions, torture, secret ‘black sites’ located in other countries, and so on, approved by civilian authorities,” says McSherry. an attempt to weaken the Viet Minh artillery's assaults against the besieged French Uniongarrison of Dien Bien Phu. VIETNAM COMBAT OPERATIONS – 1967 A chronology of Allied combat operations in Vietnam 2 Jan. New Year's stand-down period ended 0700. It’s impossible to talk about the details of Condor without thinking of the “war on terror” launched by George W. Bush nearly twenty years ago. Ever since President Truman invoked the words "national security" to launch the U.S. side of the cold war, government officials have used the phrase to explain, justify, or excuse executive actions that were dubious, illegal, or, as Senator ... . Particularly notable was the powerful fascist businessman Licio Gelli (“I am fascist and will die a fascist,” he once proclaimed), grandmaster of the right-wing Italian Masonic Lodge, Propaganda Due (P-2), whose members spanned virtually every segment of the Italian establishment, including future prime minister Silvio Berlusconi. Unabridged Audiobook. The information-gathering initiative was dubbed “Condor,” in honor of the national bird of several of the participants, including the host country. Vietnam needs to strengthen economic resiliency and reinvent its drivers of growth. More efficient logistics in export, import and domestic supply chains can drive future economic growth by increasing productivity. Some history on Plan Condor (aka Operation Condor) can be found in articles in CounterPunch, Scoop, andDissidentVoice.. Again. also bore the imprint of Condor.The 1973 abduction and murder of the U.S. citizens Charles Horman and Frank Teruggi in Santiago also fit the profile of a Condor operation in some ways (McSherry, 2000).In fact, in Latin Amer-ica, Condor-style commando and “hunter-killer” operations can be traced 4.6 (246 ratings) And here I am, crouched in the brush again, shivering in the damp mountain cold again, setting up ambushes. Today, his political heirs seek impunity for the last coup of 2019 that also caused massacres, torture and racist persecution. Already on our list? Perhaps the most famous victim of Condor was Orlando Letelier, Allende’s former ambassador to the United States. While sanctioned by its security forces and high-ranking officials, US involvement sometimes elicited objections, even horror from those lower down. Found inside – Page 220In La Guerre Du Vietnam Et L'Europe, 1963-1973, edited by Christopher Goscha and Maurice ... “Death Squads as Parallel Forces: Uruguay, Operation Condor, ... Nothing special, but features John Wayne's son. Here now is the untold story of the killer elite whose discipline, ferocity, and suicidal courage made them the weapon of last resort. Operation Phoenix: A Vietnam Fiasco Seen From Within QV( Oil By Wayne L. Cooper A former Foreign Service officer, Cooper spent 18 months in Vietnam, most of it as a Phoenix adviser at Cantho, in the Mekong Delta. ` �< Found insideNAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF 2020 BY NPR, THE FINANCIAL TIMES, AND GQ The hidden story of the wanton slaughter -- in Indonesia, Latin America, and around the world -- backed by the United States. Perhaps more alarmingly, street kidnappings and other counterinsurgency tactics have now apparently become legitimate elements of domestic law enforcement under his presidency. Agents of DINA planned attacks in Portugal and France, and tried repeatedly to kill Carlos Altamirano, general secretary of the Socialist Party of Chile: once in Mexico, when they showed up too late; several times in Paris, when they were foiled by French intelligence; and once in Madrid, where the attempt failed. In these uncertain and worrisome times, when so many are divided, with so much at risk and emotions running high, choose to be both. That included Fuentes, the results of whose interrogation (including the names he gave up) the US embassy in Buenos Aires relayed to Chilean police. McSherry later found yet another damning document, this one a 1978 cable from the then-US ambassador to Paraguay. As typically recounted, the story of the twentieth century goes something like this: after briefly uniting to defeat fascism, the United States and the Soviet Union turned the rest of the century into a clash of ideologies, one that always threatened to erupt, but never quite did, into outright great-power war. In some cases, family members were kidnapped and tortured, too, or even stolen from them, for no reason beyond sadism. We are in this together. This cable, written by the FBI's attache in Buenos Aires, Robert Scherrer, summarizes intelligence information provided by a "confidential source abroad" about Operation Condor, a South American joint intelligence operation designed to "eliminate Marxist terrorist activities in the area." Wanted in France for unspeakable crimes, Barbie instead resettled in Bolivia, teaching torture and repression to military officers across the continent, before eventually helping organize the country’s 1980 “Cocaine Coup” and taking up a role in the military dictatorship that followed. The Vietnam War lasted from 1959 to April 30, 1975. The CIA’s Secret Global War Against the Left, Jeremy Corbyn: Climate Crisis Is a Class Issue, When Oklahoma Was the Heartland of American Socialism, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar: What the NBA Championship Means to Me, democratically elected socialist government, Database on South America’s Transnational Human Rights Violations, assassination and paramilitary war program, Trump Has Been Quietly Setting the Stage for an Authoritarian Second Term, Salvador Allende’s Brief Experiment in Radical Democracy in Chile Began 50 Years Ago Today, Shut Down the School of the Americas/ WHINSEC. What followed was a secret, global campaign of violent repression that spanned not just countries, but continents, and featured everything from abduction and torture to murder. Those witnesses later testified that they’d seen Fuentes arrive at the Villa Grimaldi death camp in Santiago covered in scabies, with one victim-turned-collaborator-under-duress recalling that he was chained in a doghouse full of parasites, mockingly referred to as “pichicho” (street dog). Operation Condor subtitles English. %%EOF All the while, we continue to learn more about the once-shadowy program. Operation Condor was an attempt to weaken the Viet Minh artillery's assaults against the besieged French Union garrison of Dien Bien Phu. Ex-fascists “infiltrated various sectors of the Argentine Society,” Argentine journalist Tomás Eloy Martínez explained. While impunity held fast in the hemisphere as late as the 2000s, campaigns and legal efforts by survivors and victims’ families have changed all that, assisted by a vast and incriminating archival paper trail created, ironically, by the program’s highly organized and transnational nature. Operation Condor: the cold war conspiracy that terrorised South America. . Years of pressure from those pushing for justice were given a boost by Pinochet’s arrest and nearly two-year-long detention in London, whose warrant was based partly on a Condor crime, and which firmly established that individuals really could be prosecuted for crimes against humanity regardless of where they were, where the crimes were carried out, and the nationality of everyone involved. Despite what Colby, Finlayson and others may say, it is difficult to imagine that a counterinsurgency program in operation during Henry Kissinger’s time as national security advisor and secretary of state, a program that in many ways foreshadowed Operation Condor in South America, was simply an innocent intelligence gathering project. Mang Yang Pass. Beginning in late 1975, Operation Condor -- named after Chile's national bird -- was a joint operation of right-wing South American military dictatorships, working closely with U.S.-based Cuban and other anticommunist extremists on cross-border assassinations of political dissidents as far away as Europe. In Buenos Aires, a former Chilean general returns home, opens his garage door, and is blasted thirteen feet in the air when his car explodes, incinerating his wife. Orlando Letelier, killed by a car bomb in Washington, DC, in 1976. A good liar must have a good memory: Kissinger is a stupendous liar with a remarkable memory.' - Christopher Hitchens. �r����Џ��!QG�P��PA(�Q�[��[0č�o��y�vO��͟����ѯ}�b)��?��X�w&���6�侁����q�o$L�z��D�N=����ZZcd|�. Found inside – Page 1922This is the second volume in a series of chronological histories prepared by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division to cover the entire span of Marine Corps involvement in the Vietnam War. “The Pinochet case in 1998 was indeed critical in galvanizing international justice efforts in South America and beyond,” says Lessa. The connections between the two programs were numerous. Operation Condor was an intelligence plan designed and coordinated by the CIA and security services of Latin American military dictatorships, to annihilate the left. It reminds us of the unvarnished, well-organized brutality that lies behind the global order Trump and his predecessors inherited, a sometimes neo-fascist brutality engineered and led by those same agencies to protect elite power and business interests. “An important work.” —John Prados, author of President’s Secret Wars “This definitive account of the Phoenix program, the US attempt to destroy the Viet Cong through torture and summary execution, remains sobering reading for all those trying to understand the Vietnam War and … Found inside – Page 11Operation CONDOR called for an infantry thrust from Laos to link up with airborne forces sent from Hanoi. Operation ALBATROSS was a plan for the garrison to ... As explained in a 1976 report by Harry W. Shlaudeman, Richard Nixon’s assistant secretary of state for inter-American affairs, South American officials like Uruguay’s foreign minister Juan Carlos Blanco Estradé (“one of the brighter and normally steadier members of the group”) saw themselves as fighting a “Third World War,” with “the countries of the southern cone as the last bastion of Christian civilization.” Having come to power “in battle against the extreme left,” he noted, these repressive governments had “their ego, their salaries, and their equipment-budgets” inextricably wrapped up in this concept. The Republic of Vietnam (or South Vietnam) and her capitalist allies were fighting against the unification and communism. As Shlaudeman put it to Henry Kissinger in 1976: “Both terrorists and the peaceful left have failed. As exiled left-wing and moderate opponents of Pinochet’s dictatorship planned to campaign for diplomatic isolation of the country, he plotted to take them out. 0 Besides this, the United States also laid the groundwork for Condor by instigating and formalizing a unified, anti-communist front among the powerful Latin American militaries. Jackie is hired to help the UN find Nazi gold hidden in Sahara. Again. As one 1971 state department cable later outlined, “it is especially desirable that such neighboring countries as Argentina and Brazil collaborate effectively with the Uruguayan security forces and where possible we should encourage such cooperation.”, Like the SOA and US telecommunications networks, the CAA was a piece of the hemisphere’s wider US national security structure that eventually became the skeleton for Condor. There is strong evidence that US officers played a key role in the 1973 murder of two Americans, journalist Charles Horman and student Frank Teruggi, in the days that followed the coup, and that US intelligence was surveilling them. As the 1954 Doolittle Report put it, when “facing an implacable enemy whose avowed objective is world domination by whatever means . As the Pentagon Papers revealed, the US government had already done so in another Cold War theater, Vietnam, where in 1956 it tasked a special forces unit “with the initial mission of preparing stay-behind organizations in South Vietnam just below the 17th Parallel, for guerrilla warfare in the event of an overt invasion by North Vietnamese forces.”. Before helping Barbie escape to South America, the US government used him as a stay-behind recruiter in Europe. “It would be useful to ask whether it is only a coincidence that the use of torture attained such heights of cruelty and sophistication. Found inside – Page 424... 21, 209, 255 North Vietnam See also Vietnam; Vietnam War: China and, 50; ... Tip, 245 Operation Condor (1975), 255 Operation Linebacker (Vietnam War, ... “And always based on the same lie: how strong the enemy was, and what we are doing about them, which in the real world is using death squads.”. As there are others wanting the gold, lots of kung fu fighting and comedy follows. Revealing new details of Condor operations and fresh evidence of links to the U.S. security establishment, this controversial work offers an original analysis of the use of secret, parallel armies in Western counterinsurgency strategies. Argentine camps were suffused with Nazism: decorated with swastikas and portraits of Hitler, recordings of Nazi speeches ringing through facilities, prisoners painted with swastikas and forced to yell “Heil Hitler,” with especially sadistic tortures reserved for Jewish captives. Before Condor, the earliest laboratories for this training were Guatemala and Vietnam. This book identifies the reasons why the South American military regimes chose this strategic path at a time when most revolutionary movements in the region were defeated, in the process of leaving behind armed struggle and resuming the ... Uruguay: See South America: Operation Condor. Operation Condor by J. Patrice McSherry Operation Condor was a secret intelligence and operations system created in the 1970s through which the South American military regimes coordinated intelligence information and seized, tortured, and executed political oppo-nents in combined cross-border operations. This is the little known story of how the American President and his cabinet carried the United States to the brink of war in Indochina and potentially China—in 1954! One young prisoner recalled how Patricio Biedma, another arrested MIR member, had been a father figure for him in prison, teaching him how to survive. Narrated by: Michael Prichard. Along with the Gladio and Phoenix Operations, it was part of the United States' global strategy during the Cold War to confront "the advance of communism in the world." Examining the legacy of Operation Condor should prompt us to think about which institutions in American life have been most hostile to democracy and, when the time calls for it, eager to align with fascists. The US government had been warning its commanders about the communist menace since at least 1945, with US money, arms, and training soon following. Except the target now isn’t some VC cadre on his way back to his village, but old Don Pedro Áviles, the … Subscribe today at a discount to get it. h�bbd```b``i��E �a3�d���@$�k��TiQ �,/A��m ��H2�ۃٞ Rs+X�% �{�M&F�3`�)"�30�� Catalyst, a new journal published by Jacobin, is out now. But it went beyond mere parallels. A well-founded fear of fascism and democracy’s subversion will remain a key part of US political discourse well beyond Trump. There was nowhere to hide. August 26, 2021 01:30 PM. These study guides provide peer-reviewed articles that allow students early success in finding scholarly materials and to gain the confidence and vocabulary needed to pursue deeper research. Such changes, after all, directly threatened not just the power and privileges of the region’s long-standing elite, but Western business interests, too. CIA officials like Vernon Walters and Duane Clarridge cut their teeth on Eurasian stay-behind operations before overseeing right-wing repression south of the border. But it’s also a reminder that, in the face of popular struggle, even this violence has a shelf life, and impunity doesn’t last forever. This escalated after the 1959 Cuban revolution, with President John F. Kennedy issuing the internal defense and development (IDAD) doctrine encouraging military repression in the region, and the Conference of American Armies (CAA) held annually from 1960 on. Everyone knows Jackie Chan. Whether it’s from Rush Hour, Shanghai Noon, The Karate Kid, or Kung Fu Panda, Jackie is admired by generations of moviegoers for his acrobatic fighting style, comic timing, and mind-bending stunts. But the US government’s role in the birth of Condor went well beyond diplomatic winks and nods. To download a PDF version of this article, click here. Golpismo is imperialism”. It was, to date, the most visible and high-profile Condor operation. The typical Condor operation might go something like this: once a target was identified, a team — made up of nationals from one or more member countries — would find and surveil the individual, before a second team snatched and spirited them away to a secret prison, sometimes in the country they’d been found, sometimes elsewhere. Operation Condor: The responsibility of the middle rank. The CIA’s Secret Global War Against the Left. A third and more secret phase of Operation Condor involves the formation of special teams from member countries to travel anywhere in the world to non-member countries to carry out sanctions, [including] assassination, against terrorists or supporters of terrorist organizations from Operation Condor member countries. 317 0 obj <> endobj The SOA’s “graduates” eventually comprised one of every seven members of the DINA command staff, after learning the very things they would soon become feared for in their home countries: assassination, extortion, coercion against family members, psychological manipulation and the use of drugs, and torture techniques, including electrocution and even the specific, sensitive nerve points it could be applied to — just to name a few. endstream endobj startxref Bernardo Leighton, the founder of Chile’s Christian Democrat Party, may not have been a radical — he opposed much of Allende’s program — but he was guilty of meeting with Socialist leaders to form an opposition front of exiles against the regime. The US government not only knew about the program — it helped to engineer it. Naturally, they had to be stopped. JS: Prior to the 1980s, while George H.W. A 1979 Senate report stated that as early as 1974, the CIA had warned local authorities in France and Portugal about incoming Condor assassinations and discussed setting up a Condor headquarters with DINA in Miami — a move it rejected at the time but proceeded with a few years later with the Argentinians. Published to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of General Augusto Pinochet’s infamous September 11, 1973, military coup in Chile, this updated edition of The Pinochet File reveals the shocking, formerly secret record of the US ... In fact, through declassifications, firsthand testimony, and the work of historians, we now know that this program of state terror had been sanctioned, facilitated, and encouraged by the US government. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. “Suddenly, they realized that was not safe anymore.”. In 1976, two DINA agents entered the United States on passports from Paraguay, a fellow Condor member, and with the help of two exiled Cuban anti-communists, rigged a bomb to Letelier’s car that detonated right on DC’s Embassy Row, killing him and one of his two American passengers. Found insideWith reckless disregard for security, on 24 April Le Monde revealed the launch of Operation Condor, a 'forlorn hope' jungle march by three thousand men who ... Though there’s disagreement about the extent of US involvement in Condor, figures like McSherry and Dinges agree the evidence they’ve uncovered shows the government was at least complicit in its crimes. Until September 11, 2001, it would remain the worst act of foreign terrorism on US soil. A conservative opponent of the country’s military dictatorship and his wife take an afternoon walk on the streets of Rome and are swiftly gunned down. Operation Condor was a multi-state, government sanctioned campaign, launched by Augusto Pinochet of Chile in 1975. The more information we learn only deepens US government complicity. This innovative text explores the extraordinary personal and political lives of ten leaders who profoundly changed twentieth-century Asian history. It is an effective pejorative, the more so because it can be said to be technically accurate.”. Death from the Sky. . The car-bomb assassination plot took place on Embassy Row on September21, 1976. De Angelis used the pseudonym Larry Ludman. The CAA’s charter defined its member armies’ mission as “protect[ing] the continent from the aggressive action of the International Communist Movement,” and early meetings revolved around many of the hallmarks of Condor: fighting “communist aggression,” intelligence-sharing on subversives, and systems of schools, telecommunication networks, and training programs for this purpose. Another Vietnam flashback. This connection to European fascists links Condor to another secret, continent-wide anti-communist initiative: the NATO-led stay-behind program in Europe, the most famous of which was Operation Gladio in Italy. It was the Gladio-linked neofascist organization Avanguardia Nazionale, contracted by DINA, that carried out the failed attempt on Bernardo Leighton’s life. Those of you familiar with the film “Three Days of The Condor” will note how the real life storyline almost mirrors the Hollywood film. On his most dangerous mission ever, the world's toughest secret agent isn't going in alone.. Found insideA New York Times bestseller, this is the “outstanding” (The Atlantic), insightful, and authoritative account of Dwight Eisenhower’s presidency. But the evidence also hints at something darker: at a “global anti-Marxist agreement,” in the words of the court testimony of Michael Townley, the DINA agent behind the Prats, Leighton, and Letelier assassinations. Photo: Badge from 2 e Battalion Nov 5 – Feb 29 68. It was the launch of Operation Condor, a collaborative effort between six countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. “Operation Condor pursued many types of political opponents, including congressional representatives, former ministers, human rights advocates (including people in Amnesty International), constitutionalist military officers, peasant leaders, unionists, priests and nuns, professors and students,” says J. Patrice McSherry, professor emerita of political science at Long Island University and author of Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America. Aubagne Calvi Djibouti Le Boudin Battle of Camarón Brigade General Honor guard 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment History of the French Foreign Legion Louis Philippe I Battle of Maison Carée Jean Danjou Sidi Bel-Abbes Madagascar Indochina ... Robyn Pennacchia. And here I am, crouched in the brush again, shivering in the damp mountain cold again, setting up ambushes. Crouched in the United States, too, or even stolen from them, forty. Weaken the Viet Minh artillery 's assaults against the unification and communism needs to strengthen economic resiliency and its... Against the besieged French Uniongarrison of Dien Bien Phu into perspective in human rights Watch 's signature yearly Report of... Surveillance pact infiltrated various sectors of the most famous victim of Condor who seem to nowhere... 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