statistics chapter 1 test answers

The population mean is represented by the Greek letter μ (mu). Not all standard normal tables work the same way. Explain: Also check “Output Range” and select location for output. Examine the following probability plot. Figure 10. Variability is described in many different ways. Using sample statistics to estimate population parameters. All the grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park. Repeated attempts to log in to a server to gain unauthorized access constitute another type of access attack. Values that are spread farther apart have higher measures of variation. Use the dir command from the router to remove the Windows automatic alphabetization of the files on the flash drive. The PDF must satisfy the following two rules: The area under the curve of the probability density function over some interval represents the probability of observing those values of the random variable in that interval. The idea is attributed to English Franciscan friar William of Ockham (c. 1287–1347), a scholastic … Which type of network attack involves the disabling or corruption of networks, systems, or services? The curve is symmetric about the mean. 10. The range of a variable is the largest value minus the smallest value. With symmetric data, the distribution is bell-shaped and somewhat symmetric. Fill in the blank. 41. 21. 7. Note: s2 is the sample variance and s is the sample standard deviation. The differences are squared to deal with positive and negative differences. The amount of rain is normally distributed. Explain: 18. So let’s begin there…. Which two statements describe how to assess traffic flow patterns and network traffic types using a protocol analyzer? A histogram and boxplot of a skewed left distribution. Which two traffic types require delay sensitive delivery? While the standard deviations are similar, the differences in units between lengths and weights make it difficult to compare the variability. During what percent of the years does Jones City get more than 40 in. to determine which resources a user can access, to provide challenge and response questions, a worm that is attempting to access another part of the network, an unidentified individual who is trying to access the network equipment room, a device that is trying to inspect the traffic on a link. How to find: Press “Ctrl + F” in the browser and fill in whatever wording is in the question to find that question/answer. If we do not have a normal distribution, or know nothing about our distribution of our random variable, the CLT tells us that the distribution of the x̄’s will become normal as n increases. This shows us that the sample mean is a random variable! 19. The terminal monitor command is very important to use when log messages appear. The negative side is for all Z-scores less than zero (all values less than the mean). A normal curve can be used to estimate probabilities. Includes a place to post a "word of the week," a blog to display a "student of the month," a central place for homework assignments, and an easy form for parents to contact you. The standard error is the standard deviation of the sample means and can be expressed in different ways. With qualitative data, each category is represented by a specific bar. Pull all your class information together in one place. If you increase the sample size to 10, the sample mean will be normally distributed with a mean of 8 lb. 4. Standard error measures the sample to sample variability, i.e. (Choose two.). (Choose two.). Electrical threats – voltage spikes, insufficient supply voltage (brownouts), unconditioned power (noise), and total power loss Why would the network administrator issue this command if the ping failed between the two routers? In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Chapter 1: Descriptive Statistics and the Normal Distribution Statistics has become the universal language of the sciences, and data analysis can lead to powerful results. Discrete variables have a finite or countable number of possible values. Explain: What service defines the protocols and technologies that implement the transmission of voice packets over an IP network? Find the mean for the following sample data set: 6.4, 5.2, 7.9, 3.4. Because CDP operates at the data link layer, two or more Cisco network devices, such as routers can learn about each other even if Layer 3 connectivity does not exist. Sample data on number of downed logs per acre from Heiburg Forest. To find a Z-score for which the area to the right is 5%: Since the table is cumulative from the left, you must use the complement of 5%. As a biologist you determine that a weight less than 82 lb. The network administrator suspects a virus because the ping command did not work. Figure 15. The standard error is the standard deviation of all possible sample means. While the sample variance is the positive, unbiased estimator for the population variance, the units for the variance are squared. The sample variance is unbiased due to the difference in the denominator. Fill in the blank. Remember the Central Limit Theorem? What is a security feature of using NAT on a network? Relevant details of the t distribution are available as appendices of many statistical textbooks or from standard computer spreadsheet packages. It splits the data into two equal halves with 50% of the data below the median and 50% above the median. Quantitative variables have values that are typically numeric, such as measurements. Introductory Statistics follows scope and sequence requirements of a one-semester introduction to statistics course and is geared toward students majoring in fields other than math or engineering. It gives us insight into the distribution of the variable. Measures of center look at the average or middle values of a data set. VoIP defines the protocols and technologies that implement the transmission of voice data over an IP network. An administrator is trying to troubleshoot connectivity between PC1 and PC2 and uses the tracert command from PC1 to do it. Typically, we only have one sample and standard error allows us to quantify the uncertainty in our sampling process. Table 1. Which WLAN security protocol generates a new dynamic key each time a client establishes a connection with the AP? Baseline documentation for a small company had ping round trip time statistics of 36/97/132 between hosts H1 and H3. The show version command that is issued on a router displays the value of the configuration register, the Cisco IOS version being used, and the amount of flash memory on the device, among other information.​. Open Minitab and enter data in the spreadsheet. The next step is inferential statistics, which allows us to use our sample statistics and extend the results to the population, while measuring the reliability of the result. What information about a Cisco router can be verified using the show version command? Mathematical operations cannot be applied to qualitative variables. The population variance is σ2 (sigma squared) and population standard deviation is σ (sigma). R = 36. An attacker needs physical access to at least one network device to launch an attack. Figure 17. A normal curve can be used to estimate proportions of a population that have certain x-values. What is the purpose of the -6 command option? Imagine if we take a series of different random samples from the same population and all the same size: Each time we sample, we may get a different result as we are using a different subset of data to compute the sample mean. Examples of qualitative variables are gender, race, and petal color. The network administrator wants to verify the IP address configured on router R2. Once we have organized and summarized your sample data, the next step is to identify the underlying distribution of our random variable. To correct this bias, the denominator is modified to “n – 1”. SSH does not need to be set up on any physical interfaces, nor does an external authentication server need to be used. and σ = 29.7 lb. The blue curve has a larger standard deviation. Thank you! For example, the population mean (µ) is estimated by the sample mean (x̄). The mean (µ) shifts the curve to the left or right. Which sequence of steps should be followed to mitigate the worm attack? 20. The histogram indicates a skewed right distribution. Explain: (Choose two.). We will update answers for you in the shortest time. Good statistics come from good samples, and are used to draw conclusions or answer questions about a population. Distribute servers throughout the building, placing them close to the stakeholders. obtaining trade secret documents illegally -> information theft Do not use abbreviations. Figure 12. First, set the host name and domain name. The administrator should therefore start troubleshooting at R1. Practise TopperLearning’s model answers – created by Maths experts - and learn to make a frequency distribution table with tally marks. Has there been a significant change in the mean sawtimber volume in the red pine stands? Computing probabilities for continuous random variables are complicated by the fact that there are an infinite number of possible values that our random variable can take on, so the probability of observing a particular value for a random variable is zero. (The area to the left of the mean equals the area to the right of the mean.). Figure 8. CCNA 3 Exam Answers Cisco CCNA 3 Scaling Networks v6.0 – ScaN Chapter 1 Exam Answers 2019 CCNA 3 (v5.0.3 + v6.0) Chapter 1 Exam Answers 2019 – 100% Full (Choose three.). Descriptive measures of samples are called statistics and are typically written using Roman letters. There is greater variability in Pacific salmon weight compared to length. Match the type of information security threat to the scenario. For the Input Range, select data in column A. The show file systems command provides information about the amount of free nvram and flash memory with the permissions for reading or writing data. 14. Comparison of a bar chart for qualitative data and a histogram for quantitative data. The null hypothesis for this test is that the sample data have been drawn from a normally distributed population. Descriptive measures of populations are called parameters and are typically written using Greek letters. Explain: However, the mean is influenced by extreme values (outliers) and may not be the best measure of center with strongly skewed data. 27. It allows the router to be monitored through a network management application. To find the area for values of X, a normal random variable, draw a picture of the area of interest, convert the x-values to Z-scores using the Z-score and then use the standard normal table to find areas to the left, to the right, or in between. It is the middle value that separates the lower 50% of the data from the upper 50% of the data. Boxplots use the 5-number summary (minimum and maximum values with the three quartiles) to illustrate the center, spread, and distribution of your data. 17. A switch is required to connect the two host devices and any IP phones or network devices such as a printer or a scanner. Access attacks and trust exploitation involve unauthorized manipulation of data and access to systems or user privileges. Figure 19. The Wilcoxon Sign test makes four important assumptions: Learn to identify discrete and continuous variables with the support of Selina Solutions for ICSE Class 9 Mathematics Chapter 18 Statistics. Which three types of information should be used to plan for network growth? Easily add class blogs, maps, and more! The -6 option in the command C:\> tracert -6 www.cisco.com is used to force the trace to use IPv6. A p-value greater than 0.05 supports the assumption of normality. The calculation of the median depends on the number of observations in the data set. Wireless networks offer the same security features as wired networks. The mode is less commonly used with quantitative data as a measure of center. when the traffic is at peak in the network, at the lowest point of traffic in the network. Because it runs at the data link layer, the CDP protocol can only be implemented in switches. 32. ), Explain: Do you have a large enough sample size (n≥30)? Free download PDF File The standard deviation is the square root of the variance (both population and sample). Packet filtering can be used to permit or deny access to resources based on IP or MAC address. Never allow physical access to the server console. The show cdp neighbor detail command will reveal the IP address of a neighbor only if there is Layer 3 connectivity. The sample mean is usually the best, unbiased estimate of the population mean. of rain each year with a standard deviation of 5.1 in. Describe the distribution of the sample mean. Figure 2. 23. The capture should also be performed on different network segments because some traffic will be local to a particular segment. Ping round trip time statistics are shown in milliseconds. Cisco Netacad ITN CCNA 1 Chapter 11 Exam Answers v5.0 v5.1 v6.0 2017 2018 2019 R&S Introduction to Networks (version 6.00) Practice Questions Online Test Refer to the exhibit. Data organization and summarization can be done graphically, as well as numerically. Which command should be used on a Cisco router or switch to allow log messages to be displayed on remotely connected sessions using Telnet or SSH? If you are a student of class 9 who is using NCERT Textbook to study Maths, then you must come across Chapter 14 Statistics. The show cdp neighbors detail command reveals the IP address of a neighboring device regardless of whether you can ping the neighbor. A ping fails when performed from router R1 to directly connected router R2. Which network design consideration would be more important to a large corporation than to a small business? Authentication requires users to prove who they are. Histogram and normal probability plot for skewed right data. It allows a router to be configured using a graphical interface. For example the t statistic for a 95% confidence interval from a sample size of 25 can be obtained by typing =tinv(1-0.95,25-1) in a cell in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (the result is 2.0639). The standard normal table and associated area for z = 1.62. Look at your standard normal table. Find the area of 0.025 on the negative side of the table. The area under the curve must equal one (over all possible values of the random variable). Never use passwords that need the Shift key. The mode is the most frequently occurring value and is commonly used with qualitative data as the values are categorical. To compare standard deviations between different populations or samples is difficult because the standard deviation depends on units of measure. Refer to the exhibit. Identity theft The standard normal table gives probabilities associated with specific Z-scores. A network technician issues the C:\> tracert -6 www.cisco.com command on a Windows PC. The median is resistant to the influence of outliers, and may be a better measure of center with strongly skewed data. Continuous variables have an infinite number of possible values. 43. A firewall is needed to protect the business computing assets. 31. Capture traffic on the weekends when most employees are off work. We can transform values of x to values of z. 6. There should be no gaps between classes and each observation should fall into one, and only one, class. very helpfull man ur are a savior, thnks:)())). DoS, or Denial of Service attacks, are intended to prevent legitimate users and devices from accessing network resources. (Choose two.). Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting information. (Choose two. Categorical data cannot be added, subtracted, multiplied or divided, so the mean and median cannot be computed. Qualitative variables have values that are attributes or categories. Data loss or manipulation What is the result after this command is issued? 33. Values in a data set that are relatively close to each other have lower measures of variation. Figure 5. H3 is not connected properly to the network. 8. An effective network baseline can be established by monitoring the traffic at regular intervals. What type of threat does this situation describe? The switch may be integrated into the router. There are normal curves for every combination of µ and σ. The Wilcoxon Sign Test requires two repeated measurements on a commensurate scale, that is, that the values of both observations can be compared. Which statement is true about CDP on a Cisco device? So how do we find area under the curve associated with a Z-score? What if we have an area and we want to find the Z-score associated with that area? Therefore, to find the probabilities associated with a continuous random variable, we use a probability density function (PDF). 24. A normal probability plot generated using Minitab 16. Commonly, we use the sample mean x̄ to estimate the population mean μ. Computing the coefficient of variation for each variable allows the biologists to determine which variable has the greater standard deviation. The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) states that the sampling distribution of the sample means will approach a normal distribution as the sample size increases. In a small business with a large growth forecast, the primary influencing factor would be the ability of devices to support modularity. It is narrower and taller, and the probability is spread over a smaller range of values. There are millions of possible combinations of means and standard deviations for continuous random variables. This is a normal distribution. The intersection of this row and column gives the area under the curve to the left of the Z-score. What is the purpose of using SSH to connect to a router? The goal of statistics is to gain understanding from the data, it focuses on applications, and hence, it is distinctively considered as a mathematical science. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Notice how the standard error decreases as the sample size increases. Hence, if . Standard deviation measures point to point variability within a sample, i.e., variation among individual sampling units. Illustration of skewed and symmetric distributions. The curve is flatter and the tails are thicker. Network reconnaissance attacks involve the unauthorized discovery and mapping of the network and network systems. The center line is the relationship we would expect to see if the data were drawn from a perfectly normal distribution. If the sample data were taken from a normally distributed random variable, then the plot would be approximately linear. A general rule of thumb tells us that n ≥ 30. Which two actions can be taken to prevent a successful attack on an email server account? Select DATA>Data Analysis>Descriptive Statistics. The first category establishes a causal relationship between two variables, where the dependent variable is continuous and the predictors are either categorical (dummy coded), dichotomous, or continuous.. 15. of rain. Enable SSH on the physical interfaces where the incoming connection requests will be received. The area under a normal curve for P(x<82). The four classes of threats are as follows: Has there been an increase in the number of invasive species found in the Great Lakes? To disable CDP globally, the no cdp enable command in interface configuration mode must be used. Tables and graphs allow for a quick overview of the information collected and support the presentation of the data used in the project. We can use the Z-score to standardize any normal random variable, converting the x-values to Z-scores, thus allowing us to use probabilities from the standard normal table. The first device is the default gateway on router R1. To find Z-scores that limit the middle 95%: Figure 14. Cracking the password for a known username is a type of access attack. In this section, we will examine descriptive statistics in terms of measures of center and measures of dispersion. Figure 20. The network administrator wants to determine if connectivity can be established from a non-directly connected network. CCNA 3 Chapter 1 Exam Answers 2017 - 2018 - 2019 2020 100% Updated Full Questions latest. Due to Adobe’s decision to stop supporting and updating Flash® in 2020, browsers such as Chrome, Safari, Edge, Internet Explorer and Firefox will discontinue support for Flash-based content. Exercises: p.49: 1-8: An Introduction to Equations: Exercises: p.56: 1-9: Patterns, Equations, and Graphs: Exercises: p.64: Chapter Review: p.68: Chapter Test: p.73: Cumulative Test Prep: p.74: Chapter 2. Statistics is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. The total area under the curve is equal to one. Population data               Sample data. If the variable is interval or ratio scale, the differences between both samples need to be ordered and ranked before conducting the Wilcoxon sign test. The second pie chart is more difficult to interpret, with too many categories. What is the purpose of issuing the commands cd nvram: then dir at the privilege exec mode of a router? The pink curve has a smaller standard deviation. Which two steps are required before SSH can be enabled on a Cisco router? The positive side is for all Z-scores greater than zero (all values greater than the mean). Consider the following tally from 11 sample plots on Heiburg Forest, where Xi is the number of downed logs per acre. It is important to select the best graphic when presenting the information to the reader. Which two statements about a service set identifier (SSID) are true? You must always verify this assumption. Maintenance threats – poor handling of key electrical components (electrostatic discharge), lack of critical spare parts, poor cabling, and poor labeling. To avoid this, we can rely on the standard normal distribution. Compute the variance of the sample data: 3, 5, 7. While there are a multitude of available graphics, this chapter will focus on a specific few commonly used tools. Variation refers to the amount that the values vary among themselves. 23, 27, 29, 31, 35, 39, 40, 42, 44, 47, 51. The second pair of curves share the same mean (µ) but have different standard deviations. Look at the probabilities and find a value as close to 0.9500 as possible. (Choose two.). The sample mean is 5. Redundancy is not normally found in very small companies, but slightly larger small companies might use port density redundancy or have redundant Internet providers/links. If you take a sample of size n=6, the sample mean will have a normal distribution with a mean of 8 and a standard deviation (standard error) of = 1.061 lb. URL filtering is used to permit or deny access based on URL or on keywords. 25. Bar charts graphically describe the distribution of a qualitative variable (fish type) while histograms describe the distribution of a quantitative variable discrete or continuous variables (bear weight).

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