pt electron configuration explained

Correct Electron Configuration for Copper (Cu) Half-filled and fully filled subshell have got extra stability. An electron configuration is a description of the relative locations of electrons in an atom or ion. This article is about the chemical element. This electronic configuration can … For example, the electron configuration of lithium, 1s²2s¹, tells us that lithium has two electrons in the 1s subshell and one electron in the 2s subshell. In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. [45] However, the extent of early Egyptians' knowledge of the metal is unclear. Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality. For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/axPUK. It was the first British crown to be made of this particular metal. Why is (H2O2) known as hydrogen peroxide and not hydrogen dioxide? It has six naturally occurring isotopes. Therefore, … Transcript. Platinum also has 34 synthetic isotopes ranging in atomic mass from 165 to 204, making the total number of known isotopes 40. [29], Large platinum deposits are present in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. If I decided to study chemistry at home what kind of preparations I must take, to be able to read books in chemistry? These compounds are capable of crosslinking DNA, and kill cells by similar pathways to alkylating chemotherapeutic agents. PtAs2), and as end alloys with nickel or copper. [73], During periods of sustained economic stability and growth, the price of platinum tends to be as much as twice the price of gold, whereas during periods of economic uncertainty,[74] the price of platinum tends to decrease due to reduced industrial demand, falling below the price of gold. Because of its scarcity in Earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnes are produced annually, and given its important uses, it is highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity.[5]. [31], Hexachloroplatinic acid mentioned above is probably the most important platinum compound, as it serves as the precursor for many other platinum compounds. The differences between those and the neutral electron configuration will be in the outermost sublevels. [14], In nickel and copper deposits, platinum-group metals occur as sulfides (e.g. This is wrong for several reasons. [52], Because the other platinum-family members were not discovered yet (platinum was the first in the list), Scheffer and Sickingen made the false assumption that due to its hardness—which is slightly more than for pure iron—platinum would be a relatively non-pliable material, even brittle at times, when in fact its ductility and malleability are close to that of gold. So that means in the case of P t, [ X e] 4 f 14 5 d 9 6 s 1. Scheffer described platinum as being less pliable than gold, but with similar resistance to corrosion. Google Classroom Facebook Twitter. Platinum does oxidize, forming PtO2, at 500 Â°C; this oxide can be easily removed thermally. Platinum arsenide, sperrylite (PtAs2), is a major source of platinum associated with nickel ores in the Sudbury Basin deposit in Ontario, Canada. Each shell and subshell have a limitation on the amount of electrons that it can carry. [86] The misunderstanding is created by healthcare workers who are using inappropriately the name of the metal as a slang term for platinum-based chemotherapy medications like cisplatin. In 1750, after studying the platinum sent to him by Wood, Brownrigg presented a detailed account of the metal to the Royal Society, stating that he had seen no mention of it in any previous accounts of known minerals. That would speak for [ X e] 4 f 14 5 d 8 6 s 2 if you follow the Aufbau principle (from German Aufbau = setup). The reason for the discrepancy is due to the electron configuration of these elements and Hund's rule. Dichloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)platinum(II) is a commercially available olefin complex, which contains easily displaceable cod ligands ("cod" being an abbreviation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene). The +1 and +3 oxidation states are less common, and are often stabilized by metal bonding in bimetallic (or polymetallic) species. See more. The gold is precipitated by the addition of iron(II) chloride and after filtering off the gold, the platinum is precipitated as ammonium chloroplatinate by the addition of ammonium chloride. [51], The first European reference to platinum appears in 1557 in the writings of the Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger as a description of an unknown noble metal found between Darién and Mexico, "which no fire nor any Spanish artifice has yet been able to liquefy". PtO2, also known as Adams' catalyst, is used as a hydrogenation catalyst, specifically for vegetable oils. )[43][44], Dichloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)platinum(II), Archaeologists have discovered traces of platinum in the gold used in ancient Egyptian burials as early as 1200 BC. Ulloa and Juan found mines with the whitish metal nuggets and took them home to Spain. Gold prices are more stable in slow economic times, as gold is considered a safe haven. Finally, platinum is resistant to hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, whereas other substances are readily attacked by them. Introduction to photoelectron spectroscopy. [26][27] The large copper–nickel deposits near Norilsk in Russia, and the Sudbury Basin, Canada, are the two other large deposits. The application of these diagrams to the inner transition elements also explains the electron configurations of lanthanoids and actinoids, except for … The least stable of these are 165Pt and 166Pt, with half-lives of 260 Âµs, whereas the most stable is 193Pt with a half-life of 50 years. Chabeneau realized the infusibility of platinum would lend value to objects made of it, and so started a business with Joaquín Cabezas producing platinum ingots and utensils. Potassium hexachloroplatinate is similarly insoluble, and hexachloroplatinic acid has been used in the determination of potassium ions by gravimetry. [81], According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, short-term exposure to platinum salts may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and long-term exposure may cause both respiratory and skin allergies. For beryllium, the first ionization potential electron comes from the 2s orbital, although ionization of boron involves a 2p electron. Franz Karl Achard made the first platinum crucible in 1784. The unpaired 4s electron allows copper to attract a magnetic field. Of the naturally occurring isotopes, only 190Pt is unstable, though it decays with a half-life of 6.5×1011 years, causing an activity of 15 Bq/kg of natural platinum. Electron configurations of atoms follow a standard notation in which all electron-containing atomic subshells (with the number of electrons they hold written in superscript) are placed in a sequence. Some transition metals, including Platinum, Chromium, and Tungsten, have electron configurations in which the s electron is transferred to the d orbitals. In the Sudbury Basin, the huge quantities of nickel ore processed make up for the fact platinum is present as only 0.5 ppm in the ore. The most important thing to remember is that electrons fill orbitals from lowest energy to highest energy. Join Yahoo Answers and get 100 points today. [18], Platinum has six naturally occurring isotopes: 190Pt, 192Pt, 194Pt, 195Pt, 196Pt, and 198Pt. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f14 5d10. This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into electron configuration. Correspondingly, platinum is found in slightly higher abundances at sites of bolide impact on Earth that are associated with resulting post-impact volcanism, and can be mined economically; the Sudbury Basin is one such example. Because it occurs naturally in the alluvial sands of various rivers, it was first used by pre-Columbian South American natives to produce artifacts. This electron configuration is for an uncharged neon atom (neon's atomic number is 10.) “For a given electron configuration, the lowest energy term is the one with the greatest value of spin multiplicity”. [70], Platinum is a precious metal commodity; its bullion has the ISO currency code of XPT. For example, the electron configuration of sodium is 1s22s22p63s1. This configuration shows that there are 2 electrons in the 1s orbital set, 2 electrons in the 2s orbital set, and 6 electrons in the 2p orbital set. [68][69] In addition to laboratory uses, Platinum Resistance Thermometry (PRT) also has many industrial applications, industrial standards include ASTM E1137 and IEC 60751. Therefore, one of the 4s2 electrons jumps to the 3d9. This trend can be summarized as follows: \[as\downarrow PT,atomic\; radius \uparrow\] where PT stands for periodic table. Configuration definition, the relative disposition or arrangement of the parts or elements of a thing. Most platinum isotopes decay by some combination of beta decay and alpha decay. •Electrons exist in different energy levels (previously described as “shells”) •The energy levels correspond to the horizontal rows on the periodic table . The difference in energy between these configurations tends to be small. Its most important application is in automobiles as a catalytic converter, which allows the complete combustion of low concentrations of unburned hydrocarbons from the exhaust into carbon dioxide and water vapor. Electron orbital diagrams and written configurations tell you which orbitals are filled and which are partially filled for any atom. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal.Its name is derived from the Spanish term platino, meaning "little silver".. For example, a small box from burial of Shepenupet II was found to be decorated with gold-platinum hieroglyphics. This led to inconsistent results in his experiments. [Kr] 4d^8 5s^1 5p^3 2. 190Pt is the least abundant at only 0.01%. Another large alluvial deposit is in the Ural Mountains, Russia, and it is still mined. Its physical characteristics and chemical stability make it useful for industrial applications. [17] The use of platinum(II) acetylacetonate has also been reported. [71][72], In watchmaking, Vacheron Constantin, Patek Philippe, Rolex, Breitling, and other companies use platinum for producing their limited edition watch series. In 1741, Charles Wood,[53] a British metallurgist, found various samples of Colombian platinum in Jamaica, which he sent to William Brownrigg for further investigation. He succeeded in making malleable platinum by alloying it with gold, dissolving the alloy in hot aqua regia, precipitating the platinum with ammonium chloride, igniting the ammonium chloroplatinate, and hammering the resulting finely divided platinum to make it cohere. Get your answers by asking now. Zirconium – Electron Configuration and Oxidation States – Zr. [15] Its resistance to wear and tarnish is well suited to use in fine jewellery. TENDENCIES OF #bb(d^8)# METALS #"Ni"^(2+)#, a #d^8# metal cation, is the metal center here, and #bb(d^8)# metals tend to make four-coordinate complexes like these, which are either tetrahedral or square planar. [39], Zeise's salt, containing an ethylene ligand, was one of the first organometallic compounds discovered. In 1752, Henrik Scheffer published a detailed scientific description of the metal, which he referred to as "white gold", including an account of how he succeeded in fusing platinum ore with the aid of arsenic. Metal impurities can be removed by stirring the mixture in either of the two acids and recovering the remaining platinum. It occurs in some nickel and copper ores along with some native deposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for 80% of the world production. Cooperite occurs in the Merensky Reef within the Bushveld complex, Gauteng, South Africa. For more info, I invite you to visit http://forums.studentdoctor.net/showthread.php?t=5... can someone explain electron configuration of platinum? There is no "oxide ion". Jewellery trade publications advise jewellers to present minute surface scratches (which they term patina) as a desirable feature in attempt to enhance value of platinum products. Our tutors have indicated that to solve this problem you will need to apply the The Electron Configuration: Ions concept. This led him to believe he was working with a single metal, but in truth the ore still contained the yet-undiscovered platinum-group metals. Some transition metals, including Platinum, Chromium, and Tungsten, have electron configurations in which the s electron is transferred to the d orbitals. 005 - Electron ConfigurationIn this video Paul Andersen explains how to write out the electron configuration for atoms on the periodic table. [52] From their first encounters with platinum, the Spanish generally saw the metal as a kind of impurity in gold, and it was treated as such. Copper ions usually exists in either the +1 or +2 forms. Platinum(II) and platinum(IV) bromides are known as well. [35] PtO2 and the less common PtO both decompose upon heating. After publishing the report in 1748, Ulloa did not continue to investigate the new metal. [52], Platinum, along with the rest of the platinum-group metals, is obtained commercially as a by-product from nickel and copper mining and processing. Practice: Atomic structure and electron configuration. In this case the 5d orbital is shielded better by the full 4f orbital in Pt, so it is lower energy than the 6s orbital. You can sign in to vote the answer. [13] It is also attacked by chlorine, bromine, iodine, and sulfur. His historical account of the expedition included a description of platinum as being neither separable nor calcinable. [10][11] The metal has excellent resistance to corrosion, is stable at high temperatures and has stable electrical properties. However, as you go up the energy levels of electron states, the s and d get closer together in energy, so the half filled orbital rule breaks down, making a 6s1 5d9 state rather than a 6s2 5d8. The +2, or cupric, ion is more stable than the +1 cuprous ion. There are only a few negatively charge elemental ions, namely the halogens, sulfide, selenide and telluride. [9] Platinum(II,IV) oxide, Pt3O4, is formed in the following reaction: Unlike palladium acetate, platinum(II) acetate is not commercially available. It is one of the rarer elements in Earth's crust, with an average abundance of approximately 5 Î¼g/kg. [42] (Side effects of cisplatin include nausea and vomiting, hair loss, tinnitus, hearing loss, and nephrotoxicity. [19], Platinum is an extremely rare metal,[20] occurring at a concentration of only 0.005 ppm in Earth's crust. Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. DISCLAIMER: LONG ANSWER! Ulloa also anticipated the discovery of platinum mines. The mine ceased operations in 1990. Platinum Electronic configuration. Rate this post Enter the full electron configuration for P3â . [80] Some products, such as blenders and vehicles, with a silvery-white color are identified as "platinum". [32] Platinum-based anodes are used in ships, pipelines, and steel piers. Electron Configuration is an address book for locating electrons. [14] Platinum drugs are used to treat a wide variety of cancers, including testicular and ovarian carcinomas, melanoma, small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer, myelomas and lymphomas. [66], From 1889 to 1960, the meter was defined as the length of a platinum-iridium (90:10) alloy bar, known as the international prototype of the meter. Antonio de Ulloa returned to Spain and established the first mineralogy lab in Spain and was the first to systematically study platinum, which was in 1748. Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry. [17], In 2007, Gerhard Ertl won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the detailed molecular mechanisms of the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum (catalytic converter).

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