illness identity questionnaire

Second, MANOVA, using Wilks Λ, was used to test for mean differences based on sex and insulin administration type (injections vs. pump) for all study variables. Professional self identity questionnaire. USA.gov. Diabetes Care Print ISSN: 0149-5992, Online ISSN: 1935-5548. AIDA (Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence) is a self-report questionnaire for adolescents from 12 to 18 years to assess pathology-related identity development. Second, we tested for mean differences based on insulin administration type and found significant multivariate effects for illness identity (F1,561 = 3.72, P = 0.005, η2 = 0.03), but not for psychological functioning (F1,559 = 1.21, P = 0.300, η2 = 0.00), diabetes-specific functioning (F1,540 = 0.80, P = 0.448, η2 = 0.00), and HbA1c values (F1,425 = 1.84, P = 0.175, η2 = 0.00). Example Patient Race and Ethnicity Questionnaire “We want to make sure that we identify and address each patient’s needs and ensure that all patients get the best care possible. First, men scored higher on acceptance but lower on engulfment compared with women. You can use friends, family members, or coworkers. The IIQ could differentiate four illness identity states (i.e., engulfment, rejection, acceptance, and enrichment) in both samples, based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Transgender and gender-nonconforming people might experience gender dysphoria at some point in their lives. Online ahead of print. HHS In the current study, a new self-report questionnaire, the IIQ, measuring four illness identity dimensions (engulfment, rejection, acceptance, and enrichment), was validated in patients with type 1 diabetes. Het meten van symptomen van depressie met de CES-D: Een handleiding. 2020 Mar 13;9(3):779. doi: 10.3390/jcm9030779. -. A valid and reliable measure, the IIQ, is introduced to measure four illness identity dimensions in individuals with type 1 diabetes. HbA1c values were converted from Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)-derived units (as %) to International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine–recommended units (as mmol/mol). Epub 2018 Sep 1. Second, existing questionnaires assess only a limited number of illness identity dimensions, such as the Illness Self-Concept Scale (ISCS), which is designed to measure illness self-concept centrality, an engulfment-like state (9). A univariate ANOVA was conducted for HbA1c values. Engulfment was positively related to depressive symptoms and diabetes-related problems but negatively to satisfaction with life. The IIQ is a newly developed measure tapping into four illness identity dimensions (L.O., J.R., S.P., M.V., L.G., P.M., C.A.B., I.W., K.L., unpublished data) and was used for the first time in patients with type 1 diabetes. The house I grew up in will be sold in a few days time. The present findings underscore the importance of the concept of illness identity. Pollution of the environment caused my … -, J Behav Med. Analyses were conducted in three steps, according to the three main objectives. If you have experienced dissociative identity disorder episodes, then it is time to take a dissociative identity disorder test. Illness Reporting Form You are being asked to complete this form to help contain the spread of COVID and COVID-like illness within the Southeastern Oklahoma State University community. As I go through boxes of childhood memories stashed away in the attic and wander the half-empty rooms I … The ISCS, for instance, seems to include items tapping into an engulfment-like state (e.g., “my illness dictates nearly everything I do”) as well as into an acceptance-like state (e.g., “I have preserved my sense of self, in spite of my illness”), but the latter items need to be reverse scored and added to the engulfment items. Second, this cross-sectional study could not establish directionality of effects between illness identity and psychological and diabetes-specific functioning. Photo by Mon et Mine. K.L. We’re going to ask you some questions so that we can provide our Third, some measures include items seemingly tapping into different illness identity dimensions but were not designed specifically to distinguish among these dimensions. Prospective Cohorts, Not Only Diabetes but Also Prediabetes Leads to Functional Decline and Disability in Older Adults, Specific Dimensions of Depression Have Different Associations With Cognitive Decline in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Institutional Subscriptions and Site Licenses, Special Podcast Series: Therapeutic Inertia, Special Podcast Series: Influenza Podcasts, http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc15-2559/-/DC1. Nearly all said they were “comfortable” (90%) or “neither comfortable nor uncomfortable” (8%) with being asked about their sexual identity. 2014 Oct;21(10):1200-15. doi: 10.1177/2047487313494030. Table 2 presents all standardized factor loadings for the four-factor solution. Would you like email updates of new search results? The Illness Identity Questionnaire (IIQ) is a newly developed measure tapping into four illness identity dimensions (8) and was used for the first time in patients with type 1 diabetes. To sign up for updates or to access … Design: A cross sectional school based population survey. For each item, individuals were requested to indicate how well they followed their prescribed regimen for diabetes care in the past month on a 5-point scale, ranging from 1 (never do it) to 5 (always do this as recommended without fail), or they could indicate that the item was not applicable. More Information. Acceptance refers to the degree to which individuals accept diabetes as a part of their identity, besides other social roles and identity assets. We do not capture any email address. Many people are afraid to bring it up because of the stigma surrounding mental illness. Forty-two questions on the stigma of mental illness were developed from the detailed, qualitative accounts of 46 mental health service users recruited in an earlier study (Reference Dinos, Stevens and Serfaty Dinos et al, 2004). Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is a cluster C personality disorder marked by an excessive need for orderliness, neatness, and perfectionism. Dissociative identity disorder (DID), previously known as multiple personality disorder (MPD), is a mental disorder characterized by the maintenance of at least two distinct and relatively enduring personality states. 2018 Mar;80:48-55. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.12.036. All of these components will come together to make a Disease Identity Questionnaire (DIQ). There are four possible methods of scoring the questionnaire: GHQ scoring (0-0-1-1). Experiencing positive life changes and personal growth as a result of diabetes might be a way for patients to cope with diabetes-related stress, thereby increasing satisfaction with life (16). 2010 Jun;33(3):228-38 Another component will ask participants to what degree they identify with different labels including: a person who used to have an illness, a victim, a person living with an illness, a survivor, or a healthy person. Future longitudinal research needs to investigate the directionality of effects and how illness identity emerges and develops through adolescence and emerging adulthood. Acceptance was related to more adaptive psychological functioning, fewer diabetes-related problems, and better treatment adherence. The Illness Perception Questionnaire grouped into categories such as stress, lifestyle, hereditary, (IPQ) [6] is a widely used multifactorial pencil-and-paper etc., determined by the particular illness studied, and questionnaire which assesses the five cognitive illness categorical analysis can then be performed. This would allow for a more in-depth understanding of illness identity. Assessment of the Psychological Situation in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease. Illness Identity in Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Introducing the Illness Identity Questionnaire. Keywords: Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. Keywords: Chronic illness; Congenital heart defects; Illness identity; Multisystem connective tissue disorders; Psychological functioning. The best validated seems to be the one by Oris et al. Constructing such a new question-naire was deemed necessary for three reasons. Hence, having diabetes is not integrated in one’s sense of self. Rejection was positively related to HbA1c values (β = 0.14, P = 0.039). Likert scoring (0-1-2-3) Modified Likert scoring (0-0-1-2) C-GHQ scoring (0-0-1-1) for positive items, where agreement indicates health, and 0-1-1-1 for negative items, where agreement indicates illness). No mean sex differences were found for HbA1c values (F1,427 = 0.02, P = 0.903, η2 = 0.00). Mental illness can begin at any age, from childhood through later adult years, but most cases begin earlier in life. Although most individuals succeed in managing the developmental and diabetes-related challenges, a subgroup of adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes shows increased risk for poor glycemic control, difficulties in diabetes care, and difficulties in daily functioning (7). Illness Identity in Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Introducing the Illness Identity Questionnaire. Engulfment and rejection were positively associated because they both capture a lack of illness integration. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.008723. The effects of mental illness can be temporary or long lasting. Identity development constitutes a core developmental task during adolescence (3) that may well extend into the late teens and twenties (a period known as emerging adulthood), due to the postponement of adult role attainment in current postmodern societies (4). 2008 Dec;31(6):563-75 The IIQ is a valid and reliable new instrument to capture four different ways of integrating diabetes into one’s identity. Oris L, Rassart J, Prikken S, Verschueren M, Goubert L, Moons P, Berg CA, Weets I, Luyckx K. Diabetes Care. J Pediatr Health Care. The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) (19–21) was used, consisting of five items on a 5-point Likert response scale, ranging from 1 (disagree strongly) to 5 (agree strongly). With respect to the path model including HbA1c values, an adequate fit across all indices was obtained (df = 5; χ2 = 9.72, P = 0.084; RMSEA = 0.047; CFI = 0.991; SRMR = 0.021). Diabetes Care. Our conceptualization of stigma processes leads us to consider components of labeling, stereotyping, setting apart, emotional responses, status loss and discrimination. The authors thank Chris Groven and the staff of the Belgian Diabetes Register for their help in collecting the data. Medical Teacher, 31(12), 603-607. The initial path model including the four illness identity dimensions, diabetes-related problems, treatment adherence, depressive symptoms, and satisfaction with life, did not provide an adequate fit to the data across all indices (df = 5; χ2 = 24.469, P < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.085; CFI = 0.987; SRMR = 0.024). Van Bulck L, Goossens E, Luyckx K, Oris L, Apers S, Moons P. J Am Heart Assoc. HbA1c values (mean 61 mmol/mol, SD 15.6; 7.75%, SD 1.43) were obtained for 431 patients (47.1% males) who did not differ in sex (df = 1; χ2 = 0.65, P = 0.42), but differed in mean age (F1,564 = 26.491, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.05) and illness duration (F1,564 = 28.591, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.05) from the remaining 140 participants. The Illness Perception Questionnaire for Schizophrenia (IPQS) 1 has been applied in different contexts. Personal Pronouns . The first two identity dimensions, engulfment and rejection, capture a lack of illness integration, or the degree to which having diabetes is not well integrated as part of one’s sense of self. Furthermore, male emerging and young adults (18–35 years old) typically use more active coping and less avoidant coping to deal with their diabetes, which might enable them to better integrate diabetes into their identity (15,31). These changes can manifest themselves in different ways, including an increased appreciation for life, a change of life priorities, and a more positive view of the self (14). 2002 Dec;16(5):807-16 address critical research questions regarding stigma. The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) is a widely used quantitative measure of the five components of illness representations in Leventhal’s self-regulatory model (Moss-Morris et al., 2002).It has been validated for a range of chronic conditions in a wide variety of languages. Third, in line with previous research, acceptance (i.e., diabetes being integrated in one’s identity) was related to fewer depressive symptoms and diabetes-related problems and to better satisfaction with life and treatment adherence (6,29). To deal with nonnormal data distributions, maximum likelihood mean variance was used as a robust estimation method (27). In contrast to these two illness identity dimensions, two other dimensions capture more adaptive illness integration: acceptance and enrichment. CFA indicated that the hypothesized four-factor model (including two error correlations between related items within a single latent factor) had an adequate fit (df = 316; χ2 = 659.583, P < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.047; CFI = 0.915; SRMR = 0.063). Acceptance and enrichment were positively interrelated because they both capture instances of having integrated diabetes into one’s sense of self. Finally, despite the large sample of participants (n = 575), the relatively low response rate (41.16%) might reduce the generalizability of our findings. Andonian C, Beckmann J, Biber S, Ewert P, Freilinger S, Kaemmerer H, Oberhoffer R, Pieper L, Neidenbach RC. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Adolescence and emerging adulthood are important developmental periods to establish lifelong routines of diabetes care in individuals with type 1 diabetes (1). Path analysis with structural equation modeling was used to examine associations between illness identity and psychological and diabetes-specific functioning.  |  acceptance) … The Cronbach α was 0.77. Do not use the person's name in the paper but only initials. Giannousi Z(1), Manaras I, Georgoulias V, Samonis G. Author information: (1)Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece. When young persons are able to accept diabetes as part of their identity, they might be better equipped to cope with diabetes-specific challenges and manage their diabetes in the transition to adulthood (15,36). RESULTS CFA indicated that the IIQ has a clear factor structure, meaningfully differentiating four illness identity dimensions. Rejection refers to the degree to which diabetes is rejected as part of one’s identity and is viewed as a threat or as unacceptable to the self. Epub 2018 Feb 2. Self-report questionnaires on illness identity, psychological, and physical functioning were assessed in two samples: adults with congenital heart disease (22-78 year old; n = 276) and with multisystem connective tissue disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus or systemic sclerosis; 17-81 year old; n = 241). OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the utility of a new self-report questionnaire, the Illness Identity Questionnaire (IIQ), which assesses the concept of illness identity, or the degree to which type 1 diabetes is integrated into one's identity. Each item asks how often participants had experienced depressive symptoms during the past week, using a 4-point scale from 0 (seldom) to 3 (most of the time or always). A sample item is, “I felt that everything I did was an effort.” Higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms. Sign Up for OCR Updates. -, J Consult Clin Psychol. Further, they were both negatively related to engulfment and rejection. Second, in line with previous studies (15), age and illness duration were unrelated to illness identity, suggesting that being older or having a longer illness duration in itself does not inhibit or facilitate the integration of diabetes in one’s identity. 2021 Jan;41(1):194-204. doi: 10.1007/s10875-020-00922-3. As reported in Table 3, patients administering injections scored lower on engulfment than patients using a pump. Illness perceptions in Greek patients with cancer: a validation of the Revised-Illness Perception Questionnaire. Abstract. -, Res Nurs Health. To achieve optimal diabetes care routines, adolescents and emerging adults need to incorporate type 1 diabetes management as part of their daily life and, consequently, need to integrate diabetes into their sense of self or identity (2). Motivation could be increased through challenging rejection and engulfment and inducing acceptance, or potentially, enrichment. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Finally, patients using an insulin pump scored higher on engulfment than patients administering injections. For instance, whereas some individuals may experience engulfment at the initial stages of their illness, others may still feel engulfed after having the illness for more than a decade. Cox F, King C, Sloan A, Edgar DJ, Conlon N. J Clin Immunol. Rejection correlated negatively with enrichment (r = −0.33, P < 0.001). Again for reasons of parsimony, all nonsignificant associations with the control variables were trimmed (df = 8; χ2 = 7.174, P = 0.5180; RMSEA = 0.000; CFI = 1.000; SRMR = 0.024). Brand Identity Questionnaire: 9 Questions to Get You Started Internet Branding , Social Media Marketing April 26, 2019 The following is a list of questions to help you determine the elements of your brand identity. Some questions refer to Depersonalization and Derealization, others refer to Dissociative Identity Disorder and a few questions refer to normal, everyday dissociation that does not lead to problems. The present study examines the concept of illness identity, the degree to which a chronic illness is integrated into one's identity, in adults with a chronic illness by validating a new self-report questionnaire, the Illness Identity Questionnaire (IIQ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A sample of 575 adolescents and emerging adults (14–25 years of age) with type 1 diabetes completed questionnaires on illness identity, psychological functioning, diabetes-related problems, and treatment adherence. Individuals indeed seem to benefit when they are able to accept their illness as part of their identity without the illness dominating their lives. It affects about 0.1% of Americans. Researchers select the number and types of people questioned in hopes that the answers these individuals give will be representative of others who are their age, belong to the same ethnic group or live in the same region. c. Prepare for transfer to skilled nursing facility. Whether it is deciding what to eat for dinner, choosing the best course for treatment, or grappling with serious complications, the individual's life is permanently altered. Three main study objectives were addressed: 1) to assess the factorial validity and reliability of the IIQ in a large sample of adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes; 2) to explore associations with demographic (sex and age) and clinical parameters (illness duration and insulin administration); and 3) to investigate unique associations of the four illness identity dimensions with psychological (depressive symptoms and quality of life) and diabetes-specific functioning (diabetes-related problems, treatment adherence, and glycemic control; i.e., criterion validity). The associations obtained with the various study variables further testify to the clinical value of distinguishing among these different dimensions. Epub 2013 Jun 20. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. Illness anxiety disorder is a chronic mental illness previously known as hypochondria. Epilepsy Behav. As I go through boxes of childhood memories stashed away in the attic and wander the half-empty rooms I spend such a big part of my life in, I can’t help but think how much of our identity is tied to our circumstances. Gender Identity * … Positive changes as a result of different stressors, also referred to as posttraumatic growth, have been documented in adolescence (13). Paige SR, Damiani RE, Flood-Grady E, Krieger JL, Stellefson M. Int J Environ Res Public Health. As such, rejection may be a way for patients to avoid being overwhelmed by their diabetes and to limit its emotional effect (35) by avoiding confrontation with, for example, high blood glucose levels. Gender dysphoria is a … 2016 May;39(5):757-63. doi: 10.2337/dc15-2559. Physicians were contacted to collect HbA1c values from patients’ medical records. Generally, women (both adolescents and adults) indeed experience greater health concerns and a greater tendency to adopt the sick role than men (29,30), which might give rise to feelings of engulfment. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire Elizabeth Broadbenta,4, Keith J. Petriea, Jodie Maina, John Weinmanb aDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand bHealth Psychology Section, Department of Psychology (at Guy’s), Institute of Psychiatry, 5th floor Thomas Guy House, … Illness Identity in Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Introducing the Illness Identity Questionnaire, Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition/Psychosocial Research, Young adults with diabetes: need for a new treatment paradigm, Care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a statement of the American Diabetes Association, The long and leisurely route: coming of age in Europe today, Transitioning from pediatric to adult care: a new approach to the post-adolescent young person with type 1 diabetes, Illness self-concept in Type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional view on clinical, demographic, and psychosocial correlates, Clinical and psychological course of diabetes from adolescence to young adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study, Identity and adherence in a diabetes patient: transformations in psychotherapy, Conceptualizing and measuring illness self-concept: a comparison with self-esteem and optimism in predicting fibromyalgia adjustment, Beyond unfavorable thinking: the illness cognition questionnaire for chronic diseases, Medication, chronic illness and identity: the perspective of people with asthma, A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth, Posttraumatic growth among children and adolescents: a systematic review, Posttraumatic growth: conceptual foundations and empirical evidence, A typology of coping with Type 1 diabetes in emerging adulthood: associations with demographic, psychological, and clinical parameters, Benefit finding, affective reactions to diabetes stress, and diabetes management among early adolescents. Date of Birth * Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity Sexual Orientation * Straight Gay/Lesbian Bisexual Prefer not to disclose Don't know . Epub 2016 Mar 17. Most fundamentally, it is a process of meaning-making. Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas. Background. The Illness Identity Questionnaire (IIQ) was developed to assess illness identity, but it has not yet been validated in adults with type 2 diabetes. However, emerging adulthood is also characterized by increased instability and insecurity, which may be experienced as stressful by some individuals (4). The current study can have important implications for diabetes care. Hence, these four subscales seem to measure different but interrelated dimensions. Four illness identity dimensions (engulfment, rejection, acceptance, and enrichment) were validated in adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. NUR 108 Final exam questions and answers. Psychometric analysis of the IIQ, based on CFA, correlations, and the Cronbach α, demonstrated that the four illness identity dimensions could be clearly differentiated and that all four subscales of the IIQ were reliable. First, to our knowledge, no 2019 Mar-Apr;33(2):186-194. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.08.002. About 1 in 5 adults has a mental illness in any given year. In addition, to examine the unique effects of illness identity, both path models were controlled for sex, age, illness duration, and insulin administration by estimating covariances with all study variables. Engulfment refers to the degree to which diabetes dominates a person’s identity. The person should not be a patient at the facility in which you work. The Cronbach α was 0.94. The self‐reported Illness Identity Questionnaire was used to assess illness identity states: engulfment, rejection, acceptance, and enrichment. The questions cover four identity commitments: politics, religion, career choices, and gender roles, the areas covered by the identity status measures used in the literature. This includes androgynous, bigendered and gender queer people, who tend to see traditional concepts of gender as restrictive. A mean adherence score was calculated. The Perceived Availability of Online Social Support: Exploring the Contributions of Illness and Rural Identities in Adults with Chronic Respiratory Illness. In sum, the IIQ was demonstrated to be a valid and reliable measure of the four illness identity dimensions. J.R., S.P., M.V., L.G., P.M., C.A.B., and I.W. Illness adaptation was assessed by the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID) (25), which was developed for adults (aged 18 and older) and has also been used in emerging adults specifically (6). Andonian C, Beckmann J, Ewert P, Freilinger S, Kaemmerer H, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Sack M, Neidenbach R. J Clin Med. A Recent History. © 2021 by the American Diabetes Association. Univariate ANOVAs, means, and F values for sex and insulin administration type. Examples from the CFS identity scale include; nausea, sore or swollen glands, forgetfulness, dizziness, stiff or sore joints, fatigue after exercise, muscle pain. The Cronbach α was 0.90 for engulfment, 0.84 for rejection, 0.85 for acceptance, and 0.90 for enrichment. The four illness identity dimensions all showed unique relationships with psychological and diabetes-specific functioning.  |  For age and illness duration, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated with all study variables. Identifying the degree to which individuals integrate diabetes into their identity seems important during adolescence and emerging adulthood in order to optimize psychological and diabetes-specific functioning. Administer the questionnaire you created in Week 1 to that person. Diabetes intruding upon all domains of life (similar to engulfment) was related to more depressive symptoms and more diabetes-related problems (6). Hence, when being analyzed in such a way, the ISCS does not allow for examining the potential distinctiveness of different illness identity dimensions. In an attempt to bridge different psychological, sociological, and health perspectives on illness and self-related variables, the current study introduces a newly developed questionnaire, the Illness Identity Questionnaire (IIQ) (L.O., J.R., S.P., M.V., L.G., P.M., C.A.B., I.W., K.L., unpublished data), which focuses on four different illness identity dimensions: rejection, engulfment, acceptance, and enrichment. The PSIQ includes nine items spanning three factors . Enrichment was related to more adaptive psychological functioning. First, in line with previous research that has focused on diabetes intruding into all domains of life, engulfment was related to more depressive symptoms, more diabetes-related problems (6), and lower satisfaction with life. A germ or virus caused my illness. Individuals completely define themselves in terms of their diabetes, which invades all domains of life (9). The intersection of mental illness and identity is a complicated one, but it’s also one that needs to be discussed. Setting: East … Health Questionnaire (Connersville) Patient Name * First Name Last Name . By completing this form, you acknowledge that. 2018 Dec;8(6):799-804. doi: 10.21037/cdt.2018.12.06. Table 1 represents participants’ characteristics for the total sample and the subgroup for which HbA1c values were obtained. Acceptance was negatively related to depressive symptoms and diabetes-related problems, but positively to satisfaction with life and treatment adherence. Higher scores indicate better treatment adherence. Eur J Prev Cardiol. You can use friends family members or coworkers. All items can be found in Table 2. The SCI was developed for adults (aged 18 and older) but has also been validated in adolescents (23). Four illness identity dimensions (engulfment, rejection, acceptance, and enrichment) were validated in adolescents and emerging adults with … At the time, I had only recently started to speak up about my experiences with Generalized Anxiety Disorder …

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