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The causes of cyanotic CHD in the newborn are presented here. BACKGROUND Cyanosis, a bluish purple discoloration of the tissues due to an increased concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the capillary bed, results from a variety of conditions, many of which are life-threatening [ 1 ]. Cyanosis is usually caused by problems of the heart, lungs, or blood. The second type of DC, reversed differential cyanosis (RDC), occurs when oxygen saturation is lower in the right hand than in the foo … cyanosis can cause parts of your skin, or most of your skin, and lips to turn a bluish colour; there are many causes of cyanosis, some of which are serious; there are 2 main types of cyanosis: central cyanosis and peripheral cyanosis; peripheral cyanosis can also affect healthy newborn babies. Neonates with Cyanotic Heart Disease. 1. The most common symptom of cyanosis is blue skin, especially where the skin is thin, such as the mouth, lips, fingernails, and earlobes. Research reported in the medical journal BMJ Best Practice finds up to 4.3% of newborns who have cyanosis will require oxygen treatment. Cyanosis can develop in babies and newborns for many reasons. (See "Overview of cyanosis in the newborn" and "Cardiac causes of cyanosis in the newborn".) The newborn can experience two types of differential cyanosis (DC). Infants with high levels and severe symptoms that fail to respond to methylene blue may require exchange transfusion or hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a condition present at birth. It tends to turn their hands and feet bluish in colour What are the symptoms of cyanosis? The infant who presents with cyanosis needs to be assessed for life threats immediately and treated for those life threats as soon as possible. It may be related to the heart, nerves, or lungs, or the result of abnormal or dysfunctional cell functioning. The common type of DC occurs when oxygen saturation in the right hand is greater than in the foot. These are just some of the many causes of cyanosis in newborns. Cyanosis is a physical finding that can occur at any age but presents the greatest challenge when it occurs in the newborn. What conditions cause cyanosis? CCHD causes low levels of oxygen in the blood. (See "Newborn screening for critical congenital heart disease using pulse oximetry".) Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and congenital heart diseases ( CHD ) are the common causes of newborn cyanosis . This chapter will explore the possible causes of cyanosis in the infant and provide a plan for the assessment and differential diagnosis of the most common possible causes. The presentation and screening of critical CHD and initial management of infants with cyanotic CHD are reviewed separately: (See "Identifying newborns with critical congenital heart disease".) A structured way of grouping the common causes of cyanosis in newborns is by using the ABC which stands for Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. As circumoral cyanosis causes may affect both newborns and some adults, we will now look into the conditions behind it. Central Cyanosis is a concerning sign outside the first few minutes of life; Central Cyanosis should clear in minutes of birth; Tongue and Mucus membranes are pink initially in normal newborns; Acrocyanosis (Peripheral Cyanosis)Bluish-gray distal extremities; Results from slow flow in the peripheral capillary beds Not all circumoral cyanosis in newborn cases lead to a serious issue. The cause is multiple, and it usually represents an ominous sign, especially when it occurs in association with neonatal sepsis, cyanotic congenital heart disease, and airway abnormalities. This low-oxygen blood causes a blue-purple tint to the skin. Central Cyanosis. Cyanotic congenital heart disease.   Cyanosis in newborns may be related to heart, nerve, lung, or cell function problems. Infants with significant symptoms should receive 1-2 mg/kg methylene blue, which can be repeated in one hour if symptoms remain.

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